Hematuria

Presence of blood in urine is technically known as Hematuria.

Symptoms: 

Can be gross (overtly bloody, smoky or tea coloured urine) or detected only on microscopic examination of urine. May be painless or associated with pain.

Causes:

Kidney diseases like IgAN, Thin BM disease, HUS, MPGN, Lupus Nephritis, Alports syndrome etc.

Non glomerular conditions like fever, trauma, strenuous exercise, menstruation, foreign body, UTI, stones, tumours etc can also have associated hematuria.

Investigations:

Urinalysis, urine c/s

BUN, Creatinine, Hematological & coagulation studies, Serological tests like complement level, ANA, dsDNA.

Imaging studies include USG, CT, radionuclide studies

Kidney biopsy may be required

Management:

Hematuria is a sign and not a disease. Treatment is directed at underlying disease process.

Surgery may be needed in conditions like UPJ obstruction, tumours, stone disease.

Disclaimer: Please consult your nephrologist for a detailed opinion
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